article 10 (education): शैक्षिक गुणस्तर खस्कनुका कारण राजनीतिकरण होइन अरु नै छ

z}lIfs u'0f:t/ v:sg'sf sf/0f /fhgLlts/0f xf]Og, c? g} 5

– /fh]Gb| /fO{

cf/DeM

       xfd|f] b]zsf lzIffsf u'0f:t/ sd;n /x]sf] dfq xf]Og b'|t ultdf v:sFb} uO/x]sf] 5 eGg] s'/fdf nueu ;j{;xdlt 5 . lsgls, xfd|f] b]zsf] k|wfgdGqLb]lv lnP/ lzIffdGqL, lzIfsx?, /fhgLlts kf6L{sf g]tfx?n] z/d gdfgLsg pQm s'/fnfO{ ;fj{hlgs ?kdf cf]sNb} / :jLsfb}{ cfO/x]sf 5g\ . t/, lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ sd;n x'g' / v:sFb} hfg'sf] sf/0f s] xf] eGg] ;jfndf eg] dtx? 5/kli6Psf 5g\ . Psy/L dflg;x?sf] dt 5 ælzIffsf] u'0f:t/ v:sg'sf] k|d'v sf/0f eg]sf] lzIff If]qd ePsf] /fhgLlts/0f xf]Æ. pgLx?n] cfkm\gf] dtnfO{ k'li6 ug{ sg'} bdbf/ ts{x? t pEofpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ t/ klg pgLx?sf] k|:t'lt olt rsf]{ / cfqmds 5 ls, h;sf] ljkIfdf af]Ng h;t;n]n ;fx;} ug{ ;Sb}g / s;}n] af]nL xfn] klg p;sf] af]nL dw'/f] / dn'jf ;fljt x'g] ;Defjgf 5 . h;n] ubf{, Psflt/ ;Totf cf]em]ndf kg]{ ;+efjgf eO/x]sf] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ z}lIfs ;d'bfo jf ljBfyL{, lzIfs / sd{rf/x?n] ug]{ ultljlwx? ab\gfldt x'g] vt/f pTkgg eO/x]sf] 5 . t;y{, o; n]v dfkm{t lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ v:sg'sf] jf:tljs sf/0fsf] ;DaGwdf 5nkmnnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg] k|oTg ul/Psf] 5 .

zAbsf] unt k|of]u, cf/f]k / k|ltlqmofM

      

5nkmnsf] cf/Ded} s] s'/f p7fpg ;lsG5 eg], xfd|f] b]zdf z}lIfs u'0f:t/ v:sg'sf] sf/0f /fhgLlts/0f xf] eGg]x?dWo] clwsfFzn] /fhgLlts/0f eGg] zAb jf ljifonfO{ unt 9Ën] k|of]u ug]{ jf unt ljifo;Fu hf]8]/ a'em\g] / lj/f]w ug]{ ul/Psf] kfOG5 . h:tf] ls, Psy/L dflg;x?n] lzIff If]qdf x'g] ;Qf x:tIf]k, kf6L{s/0f jf /fhgLlts x:tIf]knfO{ klg /fhgLlts/0fsf] gfd lbP/ lj/f]w ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ . cjZo klg, lzIff If]qdf x'g] ;Qf x:tIf]k, kf6L{s/0f jf /fhgLlts x:tIf]k lj/f]whGo s'/fx? x'g\, t/ tL s'/fx?nfO{ /fhgLlts/0f eGg ldNb}g lsgls, ltgLx?sf] cy{ / /fhgLlts/0fsf] cy{df w]/} 7"nf] leGgtf 5 . t;y{, lzIff If]qdf x'g] ;Qf x:tIf]k, kf6L{s/0f / /fhgLlts x:tIf]ksf] lj/f]w ubf{ /fhgLlts/0f eGg] zAbsf] k|of]u ug{ ldNb}g jf pko'Qm x'Fb}g .

       csf]{y/L s]xL dflg;x?n]  rflxF, lzIff If]qdf kf6L{–/fhgLlt ul/Psf] eGg] a'emfOsf] cfwf/df jf To:tf] cf/f]k nufpFb} /fhgLlts/0fsf] lj/f]w ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ . t/ kf6L{ /fhgLlt / /fhgLlts/0f klg Pp6} s'/f xf]Ogg\, o; laifodf w]/} s'/f eGg ;lsG5, t/ To; s'/fnfO{ cfkm\gf] 7fpFdf yfFtL /fv]/ d'Vo ljifo jf lzIff If]qdf kf6L{ /fhgLlt ul/Psf] eGg] ;jfndf hfg]  xf] eg] 7f8} eGg ;lsG5, of] s'/f ;/f;/ em'6 / e|d l;jfo c? s]xL klg xf]Og . lsgeg], lzIff If]qdf kf6L{ /fhgLlt jf /fhgLlts bnx?sf] ultljlw s;}af6 klg jf ljBfyL{, lzIfs, sd{rf/L sf]xLaf6 klg x'g] u/]sf] 5}g, Toltdfq xf]Og eljiodf ;d]t To:tf] ul/g] ;+efjgf 5}g . t;y{, lzIff If]qdf kf6L{ /fhgLlt jf kf6L{x?sf] ultljlw ul/Psf] a'emfOsf cfwf/df jf To:tf] cf/f]k nufP/ /fhgLlts/0fsf] s'/f p7fpg / lj/f]w ug{ kfOFb}g jf ldNb}g .

       sltko dflg;x?n] rflxF, z}lIfs ;d'bfosf] jf ljBfyL{, lzIfs / sd{rf/Lx?sf] ultljlwx? k|ToIf kf6L{ /fhgLlt;Fu ;DalGwt geP klg ltgLx? d"ntM /fhgLlts p2]Zosf nflu x'g] u/]sf 5g\ jf ljBfyL{, lzIfs / sd{rf/Lx? d"ntM /fhgLlts p2]Zosf nflu ;+ul7t / ;lqmo x'g] u/]sf 5g\ eGg] cf/f]k nufpg] jf a'em\g] / lj/f]w ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ . of] s'/f klg d"n ?kdf ;Tok/s 5}g, lsgeg], ljBfyL{, lzIfs / sd{rf/Lx?sf ultljlwx? / ;lqmotf /fhgLlts p2]Zosf nflu ;Fw} xf]Og slxn]sfxLF x'g] u/sf 5g\ .

       slxn]sfxLF dfq} eP klg ljBfyL{, lzIfs / sd{rf/Lx? /fhgLlts p2]Zosf nflu ;lqmo x'g] jf pgLx?n] cfkm\gf] ultljlw / ;lqmotfnfO{ /fhgLlts p2]Zosf nflu cl3 a9fpg' l7s ls a]l7s eGg] s'/fdf ljrf/ ug]{ xf] eg] Tof] xd]zf ;fk]lIfs x'G5 jf kl/l:yltdf lge{/ /xG5 cyjf ;fdfGo kl/l:yltdf jf ;a} s'/fx? l7s 9Ën] rln/x]sf] cj:yfdf klg To;f] ul/G5 eg] To;nfO{ plrt dfGg ;lsGg, t/ c;fdfGo kl/l:yltdf jf d'n'sdf uDeL/ /fhgLlts ;d:of / ;+s6 pTkGg ePsf] cj:yfdf jf ljleGg gsf/fTds /fhgLlts 36gfx? 3l6/x]sf] cj:yfdf ljBfyL{, lzIfs / sd{rf/Lx? klg d'n'ssf] lhDd]jf/ gful/sx? ePsf]n], cem eGg] xf] eg] ;r]t gful/s ePsf] x}l;otn] / To:tf /fhgLlts ;d:of, ;+s6 / 36gfx?n] d'n's, ;dfh, z}lIfs If]q / :jod\ z}lIfs ;d'bfo jf z}lIfs ;d'bfosf x/]s ;b:o r'k nfu]/ a:g ldNb}g jf x'Fb}g . t;y{, To:tf] kl/l:ylt jf cj:yfdf z}lIfs ;d'bfon] k9fO–n]vfOnfO{ Psflt/ yfFtL /fv]/ jf sd dxTj lbP/ /fhgLlts sfd p2]ZonfO{ k|d'v agfP/ cl3 a9\g'k5{ jf To;f] ul/g' plrt x'G5 / To;nfO{ s;}n] cGoyf dfGg / lj/f]w ug{ x'Fb}g .

       t/, ;fFrf] / dggLo s'/f s] xf] eg], Psflt/ t o:tf] kl/l:ylt slxn]sfxLF dfq cfpF5 eg] csf]{lt/ o:tf] kl/l:ylt gcfPsf] a]nf ljBfyL{, lzIfs / sd{rf/Lx?sf ultljlw / ;lqmotf /fhgLlts p2]Zosf nflu s]lGb|t gx'g] ePsf]n] To:tf] cf/f]k nufP/ jf To:tf] a'emfO{ /fv]/ lj/f]w ug{ ldNb}g .

       Pp6f 7"n} k+lQmn] rflxF ljBfyL{, lzIfs / sd{rf/Lx?sf ;fd'bflos, k]zfut / z}lIfs lxt;Fu ;DalGwt ultljlw jf /fhgLlts/0fsf] ?kdf a'em\g], lrlGxt ug]{ jf cf/f]k nufpg] / ltgLx?sf] lj/f]w ug]{ ub}{ cfO/x]sf 5g\ . of] a'emfO{ / cf/f]k lans'n unt dfq xf]Og cToGt} cfklQhgs ;d]t 5 . lsgls, Psflt/ t ;fd'bflos, k]zfut / z}lIfs lxt;Fu hf]l8Psf] ultljlwx? / /fhgLlts sfddf ;fx|} 7"nf] leGgtf 5 eg] csf]{lt/ To:tf ultljlw / ;lqmotf z}lIfs u'0f:t/sf nflu afws xf]Og ;fws x'g] ub{5 . lsgeg], To:tf ultljlwx? / ;lqmotf jf tL ljifox?;Fu ;DalGwt cfGbf]ngx? k|efjsf/L / ;zQm aGg ;Sof] eg] s}of}F dxTjk"0f{ pknlAwx? k|fKt x'g ;S5g\ cyf{t\ lzIffsf] u'0f:t/sf nflu cfjZos kg]{ z}lIfs–ef}lts ;fdu|Lx?sf] Joj:yf ug{, of]Uo lzIfsx?sf] Joj:yf ug{, z}lIfs jftfj/0fnfO{ :jR5, agfpg, k7gkf7gnfO{ lgoldt, Jojl:yt / /fd|f] agfpg tyf cGo  z}lIfs ;d:ofx? x6fpgb]lv lnP/ z}lIfs gLlt, sfo{qmd, kf7\oqmd, kf7\ok':ts cflbnfO{ ;d]t abNg ;+ej x'g]5 / lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ /fd|f] aGg ;Sg]5 .

zAbsf] ;xL cy{ / k|ltlqmofM

       jf:tjdf, /fhgLlts/0fsf] vf; cy{ dflg;x?nfO{ /fhgLlts r]tgf jf 1fg lbg', /fhgLlts ;+:sf/–;+s[lt / Jojxf/ l;sfpg', Psd'i6df c;n /fhgLlts k|f0fL agfpg' / /fhgLltsf nflu /fd|f] kl/j]z agfpg' eGg] xf] . p; cy{df /fhgLlts/0fsf] lj/f]w ug{ s;/L ldN5 < lans'n ldNb}g . lsgeg], /fhgLlt o:tf] ljifo xf] Psflt/ o;sf] cl:tTj / ;fj{ef}lds / zfZjt -;dfhdf ju{sf] cl:tTj /x];Dd_ 5 jf /xg]5 / csf]{lt/ o;n] k|efljt gkfg]{ s'g} If]q / ljifo x'Fb}g, a? To:tf] k|efj sxLF k|ToIf / sxLF ck|ToIf 9Ën] kg{ cnu s'/f xf] . o; s'/fnfO{ cln lj:tf/df / csf]{ 9Ën] eGg'kbf{, ah;Dd ;dfhdf ju{x?sf] cl:tTj /xg]5 Tof] a]nf;Dd /fHo / /fHo;Qfsf] cl:tTj /xg]5, Tof] a]nf;Df /fhgLltsf] cl:tTj /xg]5 -hxfF;Dd ju{, /fHo / /fHo;QfljxLg ;dfhsf] s'/f 5 Tof] cfheGbf nfvf}F aif{ cufl8sf] hËnL o'udf /x]sf] / km]l/ efljiodf nfvf}F aif{ kl5 ;+;f/el/ ;fDojfb cfPkl5 x'g] s'/f ljZjsf dxfg bfz{lgs sfn{dfS;{n] ug'{ePsf] 5_ / csf]{lt/ ha;Dd /fhgLltsf] cl:tTj /xg]5 ta;Dd o;n] cGo x/]s If]qnfO{ s'g} g s'g} ?kdf / s'g} g s'g} dfqfdf clgjfo{ ?kn] k|efljt ul//xg]5 . o;af6 z}lIfs If]q j z}lIfs ;d'bfo klg c5'tf] / ckjfb x'g ;Sb}g .

       z}lIfs ;d'bfosf ;b:ox? /fhgLltaf6 vf;u/L b'O{ 9Ën] k|efljt x'g] ub{5g\ . Ps, b]zdf h:tf] /fhgLlts Joj:yf / cj:yf x'G5 To:t} vfnsf] lzIff gLlt, of]hgf / sfo{qmdx? aGg] ePsf]n] / tL s'/fx?af6 z}lIfs If]q / z}lIfs ;d'bfo k|efljt x'g' clgjfo{ 5, bf];|f], /fhgLlts Joj:yf / cj:yf cg';f/ g} ;fdflhs, cfly{s wfld{s, eflifs, ;fF:s[lts, n}lËs, If]qut, gful/s–gLlt, of]hgf /sfo{qmd aGg], ;dfh / b]zsf] cj:yf klg lgwf{/0f ug]{ ePsf] / tL s'/fx?n] z}lIfs ;d'bfosf ;b:ox?nfO{ ;dfhsf] ;b:osf ?kdf / b]zsf] gful/ssf] ?kdf k|efljt kfg]{ ub{5 . o;sf] dtnj, rfx] z}lIfs ;d'bfosf] ;b:osf] ?kdf xf];\ rfx] z}lIfs ;d'bfosf] ;b:osf] ?kdf jf b]zsf gful/ssf] ?kdf xf];\ x/]sf ljBfyL{, lzIfs / sd{rf/Lx?sf nflu /fhgLlt clt g} dxTjk"0f{ x'G5, To;f] ePsf]n] /fhgLlts Joj:yf / cj:yf l7s agfpgsf nflu plrt of]pubfg ug{ pgLx?sf] klg bfloTj x'G5 / ;xL 9 x'G5 / ;xL 9Ën] o:tf] sfd /fhgLlts/0f ePsf] JolQmn] dfq ug{ ;S5 .

z}lIfs ;d'bfon] ug]{ /fhgLltsf] oyfyf{tfM

       z}lIfs ;d'bfosf] ultljlw / ;lqmotfnfo{ unt 9Ën] /fhgLlts/0f;F hf]l8Psf] s'/fsf] lj/f]w dfly ulPsf] eP klg To;sf] cy{ z}lIfs ;d'bfo /fhgLltaf6 lans'n 6f9f /xFb} cfPsf] 5g\ / /xg'k5{ eGg] xf]Og . cjZo klg, pgLx?n] /fhgLlts sfdx? klg w]/–yf]/ ?kdf ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . o;f] eGbfeGb} klg dfly pNn]v ul/P h:t} pgLx?n] z}lIfs ;+:yfleq kf6L{ /fhgLlt jf kf6L{sf ultljlwx? ub}{gg\, ljz]if kl/l:yltdf afx]s /fhgLlts sfd / p2]Zonfo{ k|d'v ;d]t agfpFb}gg\  cyf{t\ cfkm\gf] ;fd'bflos, k]zfut / z}lIfs ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt ljifox?nfO{ g} k|d'v agfpg] ub}{ cfO/x]sf 5g\ .

       z}lIfs ;d'bfon] ug]{ sfdx? d"ntM /fhgLlts cf:yfsf] cfwf/df ;+ul7t x'g], cfkm\gf] /fhgLlt cf:yf jf gLlt, l;4fGt, ljrf/, sfo{qmd cflbsf] k|rf/k|;f/ / AofVof ug]{, c?sf] jf cfkm"nfO{ unt nfu]sf] /fhgLlts dfGotf, gLlt, l;4fGt, ljrf/, sfo{qmd, sfd cflbsf] v08g / lj/f]w ug]{, ljleGg 9Ën] cfkm\gf] ;+u7g lj:tf/ ug]{, ljleGg /fhgLlts ljifox?df wf/0ff agfpg] / ;fj{hlgs ug]{, /fhgLlts cf:yfs} cfwf/df kf6L{x?sf] ;dy{g jf lj/f]w ug]{, cfkm"n] ;dy{g u/]sf] kf6L{sf] / To;sf] ljrf/, l;4fGt, sfo{qmd cflbsf] k|rf/k|;f/ / AofVof ug]{, To; kf6L{nfO{ ljlegg ;dodf ;xof]u ug]{, ljz]if ljifo / kl/l:yltdf /fhgLlts cleofg / cfGbf]ng ;~rfng ug]{ cflb x'g\ . oL ;a} sfdx? cfkm\gf] a'emfO{ / ljzjf;sf] cfwf/df b]zsf] /fhgLlts Joj:yf / cj:yfnfO{ l7s agfpg / dflg;x?nfO{ /fhgLlts/0f ug{sf nflu ul/Psf x'gfn] o;sf=] lj/f]w ug{ plrt x'Gg . o; ;DaGwdf yk ts{ ul//xg' h?/L 5}g, lsgeg], /fhgLlts0f, /fhgLltsf] dxTj jf /fhgLlts Joj:yf / cj:yfn] kfg]{ k|efjsf] af/]df dfly g} rrf{ eO;s]sf] 5 .

ljz]if yk b'O{ cf/f]kM

       lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ v:sg'sf] d'Vo sf/0f /fhgLlts/0f xf] eGg]x?sf] b'O{ j6f ljz]if cf/f]kx? 5g\M

klxnf] cf/f]k 5, ljBfyL{, lzIfs / sd{rf/Lx?sf] ultljlw / ;lqmotf h'g;'s} sd{rf/Lx?sf] ultljlw / ;lqmotf h'g;'s} p2]Zosf nflu ul/Psf] eP klg To:tf ultljlw / ;lqmotfsf] sf/0f z}lIfs ;+:yfx?df em}–emu8f, ljlegg sfo{qmd, cfGbf]ng cflb eO/xg] x'gfn] z}lIfs jftfj/0f vnalnG5, ljleGg ;dodf k9fO–n]vfOdf afwf k'U5 / z}lIfs u'0f:t/ vl:sG5 . em§ ;'Gbf of] s'/f l7s} h:tf] nfUg;S5, t/ ulxl/P/ x]g]{ xf] eg], o; s'/fdf klg s'g} bd 5}g .

       klxnf] s'/f t, em}–emu8f x'G5 eGg] ts{ ug]{x?n] /fhgLlts/0fsf] jf:tljs cy{, dxTj / ;+3–;+u7gx?n] lgjf{x ug]{ e"ldsfnfO{ a'em\g / cfTd;ft ug{ ;s]sf] b]lvFb}g . lsgls, dfly elgP h:t} lzIff If]qnfO{ /fhgLlt/0f ug'{ eg]sf] /fhgLltof]Uo agpg' xf] / d"ntM z}lIfs ;d'bfonfO{+ ;}4flGts / Jofjxfl/s ?kn] /fhgLlts k|f0fLsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug'{ xf] .

       ca oxfF ts{ ug{ ;lsG5, ha jftfj/0f /fhgLltof]Uo aGg'sf ;fy} dflg;x? /fhgLlts k|f0fLsf] ?kdf ljsf; x'G5g\ eg] ToxfF em}–emu8f x'g] xf]Og gx'g] ;+efjgf a9L x'G5 . lsgls, Pp6f kl/kSj /fhgLlts k|f0fLn] ljkIfLx?sf] cl:tTjnfO{ / ultljlwx?nfO{ krfpg] dfq xf]Og ;Ddfg ug]{, cfkm"k|ltsf] lj/f]w / cfnf]rgfnfO{ ;xg], :jR5, k|lt:kwf{nfO{ ?rfpg], hLt–xf/nfO{ ;xh 9Ën] lng] ub{5 . To;}u/L, cfkm" / cfkm\gf] ;+:yf ab\gfd x'G5 eGg] efjgfsf] sf/0f em}–emu8f ug{ grfxg] x'G5 . a?, h; lngsf nflu em}–emu8f lgoGq0f ug{ sf]lzz ug{kl§ nfU5, jf To;f] ug'{ cfkm\gf] bfloTj 7fG5 . t/, c/fhgLlts jf Go"g /fhgLlts k|f0fL To:tf] x'Fb}g .

       kl/0ffddf x]g]{ xf] eg] klg hlxn] klg z}lIfs ;+:yfx?df em–emu8fx? Go"g /fhgLlts r]gtfsf] jf r]tgf z"Gotfsf] sf/0fn] j hxfF ljBfyL{ ;+u7g / o'lgogx? sdhf]/ 5g\ j ltgLx?sf] cl:tTj 5}g jf ltgLx?sf] g]t[Tj c/fhgLlts dflg;x?sf] xftdf 5 ToxfF a9L] em}–emu8f eO/xg], ;fwf/0f / dlxnf ljBfyL{x?n] dfq xf]Og lzIfs, sd{rf/Lx?n] ;d]t c;'/lIft x'g'kg]{ l:ylt b]lvPsf] 5 . t;y{, /fhgLlts/0fsf] sf/0f jf ljBfyL{, lzIfs, sd{rf/Lx?sf] ultljlw / ;lqmotfsf] sf/0f lzIff If]qdf em}–emu8f x'G5 eGg' plrt x'Gg .

       hxfF;Dd ljBfyL{, lzIfs / sd{rf/Lx?sf] ultljlw / ;lqmotf jf sfo{qmd / cfGbf]ng cflbsf sf/0f k9fOdf afwf k'Ug] eGg] ;jfn 5, oyfy{df To:tf] afwf slt g} k'U5 / < Psbd} gu0o dfq . cem, tYodf uP/ x]g]{ jf eGg] xf] eg], Ps aif{df d'lZsnn] !% lbgeGbf a9L ;do k9fOdf afwf k'Ub}g . ljz]if kl/l:yltdf slxn]sfxLF Tof]eGbf a9L klg k9fOdf afwf k'Ug] ;+efjgf x'G5, t/ ljz]if kl/l:yltsf] s'/fnfO{ cfwf/ agfpg ldNb}g, lsgeg] To:tf] ljz]if kl/l:ylt eGg] s'/f aiff}{+ aif{df slxn]sfxLF dfq cfpg] u5{ . s;}n] of]eGbf a9L ;do k9fOdf afwf k'U5 jf k9fO{ x'g ;Sb}g eGg] s'/f u5{ eg] Tof] ljns'n clt/~hgfk"0f{ / unt s'/f xf] .

       ca, k|Zg ug{ ;lsG5, s] aif{df !% lbg k9fO–n]vfOdf afwf k'Ug] jf jf gk'Ug] s'/fn] g} lzIffsf] u'0f:t/df cfgsf] tfg km/s kfg{ ;S5 < olb ;S5 eg], Tof] !% lbgx? cGo ljleGg tl/sfn] se/ ug{ ;lsg] dfq xf]Og c? w]/} j6f !% lbgx? k9fO–n]vfOsf nflu yk ug{ ;lsG5 . h:t}, hf8f]–udL{ ljbf, bz}F–ltxf/ ljbf cyjf bz}F / ltxf/aLrsf] !% lbgsf] ljbf, zlgjf/] ljbf, k/LIffsf] ljbf cflbnfO{ s6fP/ .

       ToxL !% lbg klg lsg afwf k'¥ofpg] t eg]/ k|Zg ug]{ xf] eg] o;sf] hjfkm dfly g} oy]i6 ?kdf cfO;s]sf] 5 . t/ klg Pp6f s'/fnfO{ oxfF bf]x¥ofpg pko'Qm x'G5, ljBfyL{, lzIfs / sd{rf/Lx?sf ultljlw / ;lqmotfsf sf/0f To:tf s}of}F dxTjk"0f{ k|fKt ug{ ;lsg]5 h'g pknlAwx? To:tf ultljlw / ;lqmotfsf sf/0f k9fOdf k'u]sf] afwf / 3f6f k"lt{ ug{ dfq xf]Og Tof]eGbf s}of}F u'0ff kmfObfhgs x'g]5g\ .

       kl/0ffd / tYonfO{ x]g]{ xf] eg], xfdL b]Vg ;S5f}F, ljBfyL{, lzIfs / sd{rf/Lx?sf clnslt klg ultljlw / ;lqmotf gx'g] jf sd x'g] ;'b'/ kxf8L lhNnfx?sf sn]h–:s"nx?df To:tf ultljlw / ;lqmotf x'g] zx/sf sn]h–:s"nx?df hlQsf] klg z}lIfs u'0f:t/ /fd|f] 5}g . o;af6 s] k'li6 x'G5 eg], ljBfyL{, lzIfs / sd{rf/Lx?sf] ultljlw / ;lqmotf lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ v:sg'sf] sf/0f xf]Og .

       csf]{ 9Ën] ts{ ug]{ xf] eg], aif{df !% lbg t /fhkl/jf/sf ljb]z e|d0f, hGdf]T;j cflb sf/0fn] klg k9fO–n]vfO{ aGb x'g;S5 / Tof]eGbf a9L ;do rflxF /fhfn] k6s k6s k|hftGq vf]:g] u/]sf]n]n To;sf] lj?4 x'g] cfGbf]ngsf sf/0f k9fOdf afwf k'lu/x]sf] 5, o;sf] cfwf/df /fhtGqsf] cGTosf] cfjfh lsg p7fO/x]sf 5}gg\, ljBfyL{, lzIfs / sd{rf/Lx?sf ultljlw / ;lqmotfsf lj/f]w ug]{x?n] <

       bf];|f] cf/f]k 5, ljleGg ;+3–;+u7gx?sf ultljlwdf ;lqmo x'g] ljBfyL{x?sf] k9fO{ lju|G5, ltgLx? k9\b}gg\–k9\g EofpFb}gg\, lzIfsx? /fd|f];Fu k9fpFb}gg\ / sd{rf/Lx? sfd ub}{gg\ . o:tf] s'/f cf+lzs ?kdf x'g;S5, t/ of] clgjfo{ / d"n s'/f xf]Og, ckjfb / ljlu|Psf] kf6f] dfq xf] . cfd jf d'Vo kf6f] jf x'g'kg]{ ;sf/fTds kf6f]sf] s'/f ug]{ xf] eg], ;+3–;+u7gx?df nfUg] dflg;x? c?eGbf emg\ lhDd]jf/, w]/}sf] gh/df kg]{ jf w]/}sf] gh/df v/f] pqg' kg]{, c?sf nflu pbfx/0fLo / k|]/0ffbfoL aGg'kg]{, c?af6 ;Ddflgt x'gsf nflu of]Uotf k|bz{g ug'{kg]{, cfkm\gf] ;+3–;+u7gaf6 x'g] cfGtl/s d"NofÍgdf klg v/f] pqg'kg]{, x'g;Sg] sfjf{xLaf6 hf]lug'kg]{, cfGtl/s k|lt:kwf{df c?nfO{ pl5Gg'kg]{ h:tf sf/0fx?n] ubf{ pgLx?nfO{  Psflt/ x/]s sfd /fd|f] ug'{kg]{ bafa xd]zf kl//xG5 eg] csf]{lt/ pgLx? cfkm}af6 klg To;f] ug'{nfO{ cfkm\gf] st{Jo 7fG5g\, olb v/fa dfG5] xf]Og eg] . o;sf] dtna, pgLx?af6 k9\g]–k9fpg] / k9fO;Fu ;DalGwt cGo sfdx? /fd|f];Fu x'g] u5{ / z}lIfs u'0f:t/ /fd|f] x'g] u5{, oxfF km]l/ klg bf]x¥ofpg pko'Qm x'G5, olb s;}n] ;+3–;+u7gnfO{ 7uL vfg] efF8f] agfpg rfxFb}g eg] .

       csf]{ kIfaf6 s'/f ug]{ xf] eg], lzIff eg]sf] ljtfaL 1fg kfpg' dfq xf]Og, aflx/L / Jofjxfl/s 1fg kfpg' lzIffsf] dxTjk"0f{ kIf xf], ;+3–;+u7gdf nfUg] ljBfyL{x?n] cjZo klg y'k|} aflx/L / Jofjxfl/s 1fg kfpg ;S5, p;df cfTdljZjf; a9\g hfG5, p;df af7f]kg cfpg;S5, h;n] ubf{ p;sf] :t/ / Ifdtf a9\g uO{ sf];{sf] k9fO–n]vfO{ klg ;lhnf] x'g;S5 . oL ;a} s'/fx?n] ubf{ ljBfyL{x?sf] u'0f:t/ a9\g hfG5 .

z}lIfs u'0f:t/ v:sg'sf jf:tljs sf/0fx?M

lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ v:sg'sf] d'Vo / lg0ff{os sf/0fx?  c? g} 5g\ . tLdWo] ;a}eGbf klxnf] / d'Vo sf/0f eg]sf] lzIff :jod\ lgsDdf jf u'0f:t/xLg x'g' xf] . xfd|f] b]zdf s]xL yf]/} ljifox? / s]xL yf]/} ljBfyL{x?n] lng] lzIff afx]s ax';+Vos ljBfyL{x?n] lng] lzIff lgsDdf jf u'0f:t/xLg 5 .

       lzIffn] d"ntM rf/ j6f sfd ug'{k5{, Ps–lzIffyL{sf] dfgl;s ljsf; ug]{, To;sf nflu ;sf/fTds r]t k|bfg ug]{, k|fl1s / Jofjxfl/s 1fg lbg], b'O{–zfl//Ls ljsf; ug]{, To;sf nflu ;}4flGts / Jofjxfl/s 1fg lbg], tLg–cfTdlge{/ aGg ;xof]u ug]{ jf ;Ifd agfpg], To;sf nflu lzIffyL{nfO{ /fHo, ;dfh jf u}/;/sf/L If]qsf nflu cfjZos jf ltgLx?n] /f]huf/L lbg]-ahf/df ljsfpm_ hgzlQmsf] ?kdf ?kfGt/0f ug]{ jf olb /fHo, ;dfh / u}/;/sf/L If]qn] /f]huf/L lbPg eg] klg cfkm}n] cfkm\gf] nflu /f]huf/L l';h{gf ug{ ;Sg] gful/s agfpg], o;sf nflu klg ;}4flGts / Jofjxfl/s 1fg lbg'k5{, o:tf] lzIff d"ntM Jofj;flos, ;Lkd"ns, k|fljlws, k]zfut x'g;S5, rf/–;dfh, /fi6«sf] nflu of]Uo gful/s / hgzlQm pTkfbg ug'{k5{, To;sf nflu ljBfyL{x?nfO{ ;Eo / ;';+:s[t agfpg], ;dfh / /fHo ;~rfng Joj:yfkg Pjd\ ;]jfd"ns sfdx? ug{;Sg] agfpg] / ;aeGbf a9L t sd{zLn jf pTkfbgd'vL jf pTkfbgdf of]ubfg k'¥ofpg], ljleGg vf]h–cg';Gwfg ug]{, dfgjLo hgzlQm tyf pTkfbgsf] ;fwgx?sf] kl/rfng ug{;Sg], b]zsf] ;|f]t–;fwgx?nfO{ pkof]udf Nofpg, ljleGg of]hgfx? agfpg, ljleGg k]zf–Joj;fo ug{ hfGg] jf ;Sg] hgzlQmsf] ?kdf kl/0ft ug'{k5{ .

       t/, xfd|f] b]zdf ax';+Vos ljBfyL{x?n] lng] lzIff To:tf] 5}g . kl/0ffdtM xfd|f] b]zdf lzIffn] g ljBfyL{nfO{ b}glGbgsf] sfd jf Jojxf/df ;xof]u g} u5{ g /f]huf/ g} agfpF5 . o;sf] dtna, xfd|f] b]zsf] lzIff hlt g} /fd|f];Fu u|x0f ug{ sf]lzz u/] klg nAwfÍkqdf pRr cÍ k|fKt ug{ afx]s u'0f:t/ k|fKt ug{ ;lsGg . of] Pp6f kIf xf] . To;}u/L csf]{ kIf s] 5 eg], lzIff lgsDdf ePsf] sf/0f ljBfyL{x?sf] dgdf /fd|f];Fu k9]/ s] kf] x'G5 / jf h;t;f] kf; x'Fbf eOxfN5 lg eGg] efjgf hfU5, clg lzIffk|lt ljBfyL{x?sf] ?lr, nufj, cfsif{0f / hfFu/ k'/} 36]/ hfG5 jf sd} dfq afFsL /xG5 . o:tf] ePkl5 lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ /fd|f] x'g] t s'/} cfpFb}g . lsgeg], lzIffsf] l;4fGt g} 5, s'g} klg l;sfO{ k|efjsf/L x'gsf nflu ;a}eGbf klxnf] / d'Vo zt{ xf]  ;aeGbf klxnf ljBfyL{x? l;Sgsf nflu dfgl;s ?kdf tof/ x'g', olb of] zt{ k'/f ePg eg] cGo kIf hlt g} l7s7fs eP klg l;sfO{ k|efjsf/L x'g ;Sb}g . of] s'/f t, ladf/Ln] df8 vfP kf] wfdL jf 8fS6/sf] s]xL nfU5 eGg] pvfgaf6 klg a'em\g ;lsG5 .

       To;}u/L, of]Uo lzIfsx?sf] oyf]lrt Joj:yf gx'g' klg lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ v:sg'sf] csf]{ sf/0f xf] . elg/xg' gknf{, k9fO–n]vfO k|efjsf/L agfpsf nflu lzIfsx?sf] cToGt} dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /xG5 . lsgeg], Psflt/ t ljBfyL{x?n] lzIfsx?;Fu ePsf] 1fg–ljBf g} l;Sg] xf] eg] csf]{lt/ kf7\ok':ts nufot cGo z}lIfs ;fdu|L jf ;fwgx?af6 ljBfyL{x?n] 1fg–ljBf k|fKt ug{ klg lzIfsx?sf] ;xof]u / dfu{bz{g h?/L kb{5 . Toltdfq xf]Og, ljBfyL{x?nfO{ k9\gsf] nflu k|]l/t ug]{, k9\g nufpg], ljBfyL{x?sf] JolQmut Ifdtf, cj:yf cflbsf] klxrfg u/L To;} cg';f/ plrt 9Ën] lzIff lbg], k9fO–n]vfO ;DaGwL ljlegg ;d:ofx? xn ug{sf nflu ;xof]u / kxn ug]{ h:tf sfdx? lzIfsx?af6 x'g ;S5 .

       t/, xfd|f] b]zdf of]Uo lzIfsx?sf] cefj 5, vf/u/L cfjZostf cg';f/sf] lzIfsx? pTkfbg ug]{ ljz]if ;/sf/L gLlt, of]hgf, sfo{qmd / ;+:yfx? gePsf] sf/0f ;fdfGo JolQm jf ;fdfGo lzIff k|fKt dflg;x? g} lzIfs aGg] dfq xf]Og Pp6f ljifosf JolQm csf]{ ljifosf lzIfs aGg'kg]{, cj:yf Psflt/ 5 eg] csf]{lt/ lzIf0f k]zf / z}lIfs If]qdf ;'ljwf / ;'/Iff-hfuL/ / cGo ljleGg_ sf] /fd|f] Joj:yf gePsf] sf/0f s]xL ckjfb afx]s clwsfFz dflg;x? cGo ljsNksf] cefjdf jf afWotfjz dfq lzIf0f k]zfdf k|j]z ug]{ ePsf]n] clwsfFz of]Uo dflg;x? cGoq} hfg] jf lzIf0f k]zfdf gcfpg], cfPsfx?n] hf]z–hfFu/sf;fy sfd gug]{, ;Fw}el/ cGoq c? g} cj;/ vf]lh/xg], PseGbf a9L 7fpFx?df k9fpg], cGo k]zfdf klg xft xfNg] h:tf] cj:yf 5 . Toltdfq xf]Og, lzIfsx?sf] 5gf}6 ljlw j}1flgs / ljZj;gLo gePsf] sf/0f bafa, x:tIf]k, rfs/L / cGo unt tl/sfåf/f sltko unt dflg;x? klg lzIf0f k]zfdf cfpg] t/ of]Uo dflg;x? rflxF /f]lsg'kg]{ cj:yf klg 5 . To;}u/L, 5gf}6df k/]sf / jxfnjfnf jf sfo{/t lzIfsx?sf] of]Uotf a[l4sf nflu jf k'gtf{huLsf] nflu yk cWoog-lzIfsx?nfo{ klg yk k9\g] Joj:yf ug]{_ / oyf]lrt tflndsf] Joj:yf 5}g . csf]{lt/, hlt lzIfsx? 5g\ ltgLx?sf] sfdsf] plrt lg/LIf0f, cg'udg / d"NofÍg ug]{ / sfdsf] cfwf/df b08 jf k'/:sf/sf] Joj:yf 5}g, h;n] ubf{, sltko lzIfsx?n]\ /fd|f];Fu sfd gug]{, Tof;] ubf{ klg 5'6 kfpg] / Tof] b]v]/ c? klg lg?T;flxt x'g] / ;du+|tfdf lzIfx?n] /fd|f];Fu cfkm\gf] sfd gu/] klg x'g] l:lt ljBfdf 5 . kUbf] lzIfs gePsf] sf/0f Pp6} lzIfsn] w]/} ljifo, w]/} lkl/o8 / sIff sf]7fdf w]/} ljBfyL{x? /fv]/ k9fpg'kg]{ cj:yf 5 . oL ;a}sf] kl/0ffd l;Sg] / l;sfpg] sfd /fd|f];Fu x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g / lzIffsf] u'0f:t/df k|lts'n c;/ kl//x]sf] 5 .

       ef}lts–z}lIfs ;fdu|Lx?sf] cefj klg xfd|f] b]zsf] lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ v:sg'sf] Pp6f sf/0f xf] . xfd|f clwsfFz z}lIfs ;+:yfx?df plrt vfnsf] ejg, rs–8:6/, af]8{, 8]:s–a]Grb]lv lnP/ k|of]ufTds ;fdfgx?, k':tsfno jf k':tsfndf k':tsx?sf] cefj5, Toltdfq xf]Og sltko kf7\ok':ts, cGo ;xof]uL k':ts / ljleGg z}lIfs ;fdu|Lx? ahf/df ;d]t kfpg / g;lsg] cj:yf 5 .

       lzIf0f ljlw pko'Qm gx'g' klg lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ v:sg'sf] csf]{ sf/0f xf] . xfd|f] b]zsf] lzIf0f ljlw pko'Qm 5}g eGg] s'/f t oxfF rf/ aif]{ afnaflnsfsf nflu lbOg] k|f/lDes lzIff / pkNnf] tx/df kl/kSj ljBfyL{x?sf nflu lbOg] ljlzi6 :t/sf] lzIff nflu klg nueu Pp6} lsl;dsf] lzIf0f ljlw cjnDag eO/x]sf] s'/faf6 klg ;xh} a'em\g ;lsG5 . cem o;nfO{  lj:tf/df eGg] xf] eg], xfd|f] b]zsf] lzIf0f ljlw Ps} k|sf/sf], lj/l;nf], lzIfsn] l;sfpg'kg]{ t/ ljBfyL{x?n] gl;s] klg jf ghfg] klg x'g], l;sfO{ k|lqmofdf lzIfs dfq ;lqmo x'g'kg]{ -dfgf}F ;a} sfd p;s} nflu dfq eO/x]sf] h:tf] 9Ën]_, lzIfsdfly k"0f{ lge{/ / ljZj:t x'g'kg]{ jf ljBfyL{n] s'g} vf]h, cg';Gwfg, hfFrk8\tfn, lrGtg–dgg\ ug'{ gkg]{, lj1fg tyf k|fljlws, ;Lkd"ns cflb ljifox?df ;d]t k|of]ufTdseGbf efif0fo'Qm l;sfO{ x'g], $ aif]{ afnaflnsfnfO{ ;d]t efif0fd"ns ljlwåf/f k9fOg], s]6f]s]6Lx?nfO{ k9fOk|lt cfslif{t u/]/ jf k|]l/t u/]/, kmsfP/, a'emfP/eGbf klg 8/–qf; b]vfP/, t;f{P/, a'emfpFb} ga'emfO{ 3f]Sg nufP/ k9fpg] vfnsf] lzIff lzIf0f ljlw xfd|f] b]zdf ljBdfg 5 . o;n] ubf{ lzIf0f / l;sfO{ k|efjsf/L x'g / lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ /fd|f] aGg ;ls/x]sf] 5}g .

       xfd|f] b]zsf] kl/Iff k|0ffnL klg plrt 5}g . Ps t o;n] ljBfyL{sf] u'0f:t/ jf Ifdtf dfkg ug{ ;Sb}g eg] csf]{lt/ ljBfyL{nfO{ u'0f:t/ jf Ifdtf a[l4 ug{ clek|]l/t ug]{ jf clgjfo{ ug]{ sfd ub}{g . lsgls, s]xL yf]/} ljifox? afx]s clwsfFz ljifox? hf] ax';+Vos ljBfyL{x?n] k9\g] u5{g\, !! dxLgf c? g} sfddf cNdlnP/ jf k9fOdf xft} gxfn] klg afFsL ! dxLgf kf7\ok':ts / gf]6 3f]Sbf jf kl/Iffdf lr6 rf]g{ ;Sbf kf; ug{ ;lsg] vfnsf]  kl/Iff k|0ffnL ePsf]n] ubf{ ljBfyL{x? To;} ug{ clek|]l/t x'g] u/]sf 5g\, kl/0ffdtM ljBfyL{x? kf; eP klg lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ /fd|f] x'g ;Sb}g jf ;s]sf] 5}g .

       lzIffdf bf]xf]/f] pQ/bfloTjsf] kl/kf6L gePsf]n] ubf{ klg lzIffsf] u'0f:t/df afwf k'lu/x]sf] 5 . xfd|f] b]zdf ljBfyL{x? c;kmn eP jf pgLx?n] u'0f:t/Lo lzIff kfpg ;s]gg\ eg] To;sf] df/ lzIff lng] kIf-ljBfyL{, cleefjs_n] dfq vKg'kg]{ t/ lzIff lbg] kIf -;DalGwt z}lIfs ;+:yf–lgsfo, lzIfs, k|zf;g÷k|zf;s cflb_n] s'g} lhDd]jf/L lng' gkg]{ vfnsf] jf Psf]xf]/f] pQ/bfloTjsf] kl/kf6L xfd|f] b]zdf /xFb} cfPsf] 5 . of] kl/kf6Lsf sf/0f Psflt/ lzIff lbg] kIf uDeL/ gaGg] ;+efjgf x'G5 jf eO/x]sf] 5 eg] csf]{lt/ lzIff /fd|f] x'g' jf gx'g'df lzIff lng] kIfsf] dfq lhDd]jf/L x'Fb}g, cem eGg] xf] eg] lbg] kIf a9L lhDd]jf/ x'g] u5{, lsgeg] lzIff lng] kIf eg]sf] t ghfGg] / l;Sg] kIf xf] t/ lzIff lbg] kIf eg]sf] hfGg] / l;sfpg] kIf cyjf l;Sg cfpg]nfO{ hfGg] agfpg] bfloTj af]s]sf] kIf jf l;Sg]nfO{ /fd|f];Fu lzIff lbg' lzIff lbg] kIfsf] bfloTj xf] . olt x'Fbfx'Fb} klg, lzIff lng] kIfn] lbg] kIfaf6 elgPsf] zt{x? k"/f ub}{g jf eg]sf] dfGb}g, lzIff lng] s'/fdf nfkjf{xL u5{ eg] Tof] cnu s'/f xf] . t/ lzIff lng] kIfn] ;a} s'/fx? l7s 9Ën] u/]sf] jf k'/f u/]sf] 5 eg] lzIff lbg] kIfn] tf]s] adf]lhd z'Ns a'emfPsf], sIffdf lgoldt ?kdf pkl:yt ePsf], eg] cg';f/sf] u[Xosfo{ nufot ;a} sfdx? k"/f u/]sf] 5 eg] p;n] /fd|f] lzIff kfpg jf kl/Iffdf ptL0f{ x'g ;Sb}g eg] To;sf bf]if / sdhf]/L lzIff lng] kIfsf] dfq lsdfy{ x'g;Sb}g, a? p;sf]eGbf a9L bf]if lzIff lbg] kIfsf] x'G5 . t;y{, To;sf] eflubf/ jf hjfkmb]xL lzIff lbg] kIfnfO{ klg agfpg} k5{ .

       lzIff lng] kIfn] s;/L hjfkmb]xLtf lng] eGg] ;DaGwdf cg]s tl/sfx? x'g ;S5g\ . h:tf]M uDeL/ uNtL / nfkjf{xL ug]{x?nfO{ ljleGg vfn] sf/jfxL ug]{b]lv lnP/ ljBfyL{x?nfO{ klxn] lnPs} z'Nsdf k9fpg] jf sf]lrª sIffsf] Joj:yf ul/lbg], df}sf kl/Iffsf] Joj:yf ul/lbg] h:tf sfdx? cflb . olb o:tf] kl/kf6L agfOg] xf] eg] Gofof]lrt x'g] dfq xf]Og, lzIff lbg] kIf uDeL/ aGg ;Sg] jf aGg'kg]{ ePsf]n] To; kIfaf6 ul/g'kg]{ sfdx? /fd|f];Fu eO lziffsf] u'0f:t/sf] nflu ;sf/fTds of]ubfg x'g;S5 . t/, clxn];Dd xfd|f] b]zdf o:tf] kl/kf6L gePsf] sf/0fn] kl/0ffd klg gsf/fTds g} eO/x]sf] 5 .

clwsfFz ljBfyL{x?sf] 3/fo;L k|lts'n cj:yfn] klg lzIffsf] u'0f:t/df s]xL xb;Dd gsf/fTds c;/ k'¥ofPsf] 5 . ;a}nfO{ yfxf 5, xfd|f] b]zsf] ax';+Vos hgtf ul/a 5g\ To:tf ul/a hgtfsf 5f]/f5f]/Lx?n] k9fO–n]vfOdfeGbf klg 3/fo;L nufot cGo cg]sf}F sfdx?df ;do / ldx]gt vr{ u'g{kg]{, clwsfFz cleefjsx?n] lzIffsf] dxTj ga'em\bf, dxTj a'em] klg k9fOsf] af/]df ;a} s'/fx? hfgsf/L gx'Fbf ljBfyL{x?nfO{ k9\g cg's'n jftfj/0f gagfOlbg], ;do lbg'sf] ;§f cGo sfddf a9L g} nufpg], k9fOsf] nflu k|]l/t gug]{, cfkm\gf s]6fs]6Lx?n] /fd|f];Fu kl9/x]sf] 5 jf 5}g hfFrk8\tfn gug]{, cfjZos z}lIfs ;fdu|Lx? Joj:yf gul/lbg], clwsfFz cleefjsx? lg/If/ jf ;fdfGo :t/sf] dfq lzIff k|fKt ug]{x? ePsf]n] ljBfyL{x?nfO{ l;sfpg g;Sg] jf ghfGg] h:tf sf/0fx?n] ubf{ / cem w/eGbf aflx/ /x]/ k9\g afWo ljBfyL{x?n] dfgl;s tgfjb]lv lnP/ w]/} vfn] ;d:ofx? Joxf]g'{kg]{ ePsf]n] pgLx?sf] k9fO–n]vfO{ / z}lIfs u'0f:t/df gsf/fTds c;/ k'lu/x]sf] 5 .

dfly pNn]lvt afx]s z}lIfs ;+:yfx?leq / jl/kl/sf] k|lts'n jftfj/0f, kl/jf/, ;dfh / b]zsf] ljleGg ;d:ofx?n] kf/]sf] gsf/fTds dfgl;s c;/, :jf:Yodf kf/]sf] k|lt'sn c;/, ef}lts b'Mv

xNnf / lj/f]w lsg / sf]åf/f <

lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ v:sg'sf] sf/0f /fhgLlts/0f xf] eGg] xNnf / lj/f]w lsg / sf]åf/f eO/x]sf] 5 eGg] yfxf kfpg' klg lgs} dxTjk"0f{ s'/f x'g]5 . lsgls, o;sf] hfgsf/Laf6 jf:tljstf a'em\g w]/} ;lhnf] x'g]5 .

       5f]6s/Ldf eGg'kbf{, o:tf] xNnf / lj/f]w of t unt lgoltsf sf/0fn] of c1fgtfsf sf/0fn] ul/Fb} cfPsf] 5 . ca, o;nfO{ cln lj:tf/df eGg'kbf{, lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ v:sg'sf] sf/0f /fhgLlts/0f xf] eg]/ xnnf rnfOg'sf] k5fl8 lgs} 7"nf] if8oGq, unt lgot / :jfy{ n's]sf] 5 / o:tf] xNnf ug]{x?df k|ltudgsf/Lx? klxnf] gDa/df k5{g\ eg] bf];|f] gDa/df oyfl:yltjfbLx? k5{g\ .

       k|ltudgsf/L cfkm\gf] dgk/L / df]hd:tLsf] lbg lkm/fpg k"0f{ k|ltudg rfxG5g\, To;}u/L oyfl:yltjfbLx? cfkm\gf] dgk/L / xfnLd'xfnLnfO{ sfod /fVgsf] nflu oyfl:yltnfO{ sfod} /fVg rfxG5g\ t/, tL b'a} kIfnfO{ /fd|f];Fu s] yfxf 5 jf yfxf nfu]sf] 5 eg] z}lIfs ;d'bfo /fhgLlts ?kdf ;r]t eP / lj/f]wdf plqP eg] pgLx?sf] rfxgf k'/f xg' c;+ej x'g]5, t;y{, cfkm\gf] rfxgf k"/f ug]{ xf] eg] ;aeGbf klxnf z}lIfs ;d'bfosf] ;fË7flgs / ;r]t ultljlwnfO{ /f]Sg'k5{ / To;f] ug{sf nflu z}lIfs ;d'bfosf] ultljlw / ;lqmotfnfO{ /fhgLlts/0fsf] gfd lbFb} / lzIff If]qdf u'0f:t/ v:sg'sf] k|d'v sf/0f eg]sf] lzIff If]qdf ePsf] /fhgLlts/0f jf /fhgLlt xf] eGg] e|d b'lgofFnfO{ kfg{ ;lsof] eg] ;+ejtM j}wflgs ?kd} z}lIfs ;d'bfosf]  ultljlw / ;lqmotfnfO{ /f]s nufpg ;lsg]5, olb To;f] ug{ ;+ej ePg eg] klg z}lIfs ;d'bfosf a9LeGbf a9L ;b:ox?nfO{ To:tf] ultljlw / ;lqmotfaf6 cnu ug{ ;lsg]5 . o;} sf/0fn] ubf{, ltgLx?n] cToGt} ;'ljrfl/t 9Ën] uf]ojN; z}nLdf pQm xNnfnfO{ rnfpg] / rsf{pg] sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ .

       To;}u/L To;f] xNnf rnfpg]x?df t];|f] gDa/df lzIff If]qsf lhDd]jf/Ldf a;]sfx? k5{g\ . pgLx?n] rflxF of] sfd lsg u5{g\ eg] pgLx/?nfO{ /fd|};Fu yfxf 5, lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ v:sg'sf] d'Vo lhDd]jf/ jf bf]ifL pgLx? klg x'g\, pgLx?nfO{ of] klg yfxf 5, bf]if cGt} yf]kg{ kfOof] eg] jf lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ v:sg'sf] sf/0f /fhgLlts/0f xf] eg]/ e|d kfg{ ;lsof] eg] bf]ifaf6 aRg ;lsg]5, Toltdfq xf]Og ltgLx?nfO{ o:tf] klg nfUg] u5{, z}lIfs ;d'bfosf] ultljlwnfO{ ;w}Fsf] nflu ;dfKt ug{ ;Sg] xf] eg] ;Fw} r}g;Fu a:g kfOg]5, cfkm\gf] s';L{ xd]zf ;'/lIft /xg]5 .

       xNnf ug]{x?df rf}yf] gDa/df lghL z}lIfs ;+:yf ;~rfnsx? k5{g\, pgLx?n] o;f] ug'{sf] sf/0f Pp6} 5, Tof] xf] pgLx?n] ub}{ cfPsf] ljBfyL{ / cleefjsdflysf] cfly{s zf]if0f nufotsf dgk/L / To; If]qsf cGo ;d:ofx?sf] lj?4 xd]zf nflu/x]sf] ljBfyL{ ;+u7g / cfGbf]ng ;dfKt jf sdhf]/ eof] eg] pgLx?sf nflu af6f] ;kmf x'g]5 .

       kfFrf} gDa/df k|df0fkq] tyfslyt ljåfg dxf]box?n] To:tf] xNnf ug]{ u5{g\ . pgLx?n] o;f] ug'{+ Ps vfnsf] c1fgtf klg xf] / cem d"n ?kdf JolQmjfbL ;f]rfO{ jf lzIff If]qdf, ;dfh / b]zk|ltsf] lhDd]jf/L af]wsf] cefj xf] .

       5}7f}F gDa/df c1fgtfjz xNnf ug]{x? ;j{;fwf/0f k5{g\ . pgLx?n] o:tf] ug'{sf] k5fl8 To} c1fgtf afx]s c? s'g} sf/0f 5}g .

       h;n] h];'s} sf/0fn] To:tf] xNnf u/] klg Tof] a]l7s s'/f xf] .

lgisif{df M

       lgisif{nfO{ 5f]6s/Ldf eGg'kbf{, lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ v:sg'sf] sf/0f /fhgLlts/0f xf] eGg] s'/fdf lsdfy{  ;xdt x'g ;lsGg / of] s'/f d"ntM unt lgotn] cfPsf] s'/f dfq xf] . t;y{, To; s'/fsf] / To; s'/fnfO{ :yflkt ug{ vf]Hg'sf] k5fl8 n's]sf] v/fa lgotsf] h]8bf/ 9Ën] v08g ug'{kb{5 . To;}u/L, lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ v:sg'sf] jf:tljs sf/0fx? cGTosf nflu pko'Qm e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{kb{5 . o; sfdsf] d'Vo cu'jfO{ z}lIfs ;d'bfoaf6 g} x'g'k5{ / csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ s'/f z}lIfs ;d'bfon] cfkm\gf] oyf]lrt e"ldsfåf/f ;a}sf] d'v aGb ug{ ;kmn aGg'k5{ .

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